A plain guide to every pillow fill and shape, from shredded memory foam to buckwheat and body pillows, plus how to match loft to your sleep position and your mattress.
People spend months choosing a mattress and about ninety seconds choosing the pillow that sits on it. That is backwards. A mattress sets the alignment of your spine from the shoulders down. The pillow decides what happens to your neck, and your neck is where most people feel it first in the morning. There are really only two questions worth answering: what the pillow is filled with, and what shape it is.
A single moulded block of viscoelastic foam. It holds one shape, supports the head consistently and never needs fluffing, which makes it the most predictable fill there is. It is also the warmest, since dense foam does not let much air through. Gel infusions and ventilated designs help with the heat but do not eliminate it.
The same material torn into pieces and loose-filled. This is the most useful version of memory foam for most people, because the fill moves. Many shredded pillows unzip so you can remove handfuls until the height is right. It breathes better than a solid block, though it compresses overnight and needs a shake in the morning.
Springier than memory foam and considerably cooler. Latex pushes back rather than sinking away, so your head stays at a steady height instead of slowly settling. It is durable and resists dust mites, which makes it a common pick for allergy sufferers. It is also heavier and pricier, and the bounce is a feel you either like immediately or do not.
Down is the soft cluster from under a bird's outer feathers. It is light, breathable and easy to mould. It also collapses under weight, so it gives the least support of any fill, and it needs daily fluffing. Feather fill is firmer and cheaper but has quills that eventually work through the cover. Most pillows sold as down are a blend.
Polyester fibre made to mimic down. It is inexpensive, washable and hypoallergenic, which is why it is the standard in guest rooms and rentals. The trade-off is lifespan: polyester clumps and flattens faster than any other fill, often within a year, and fluffing does not bring it back.
Hulls that shift under your head and then stay exactly where you put them, giving firm, adjustable support with excellent airflow. They are heavy and they rustle when you move, so they suit a specific sleeper: someone who wants firm neck support and runs hot. Millet and kapok behave similarly with less noise.
A foam or latex core wrapped in down alternative, or shredded foam mixed with fibre: support from the core, a softer surface against your face. Worth a look if solid foam feels too firm and down feels too flat, which describes a lot of people.
Loft, meaning the height of the pillow when your head is on it, matters more than the fill. The goal in every position is the same: your head should sit in line with your spine, not tipped up or dropped down.
Side sleepers need the most loft, because the gap between the ear and the outer shoulder is the widest gap your pillow has to fill. Look for a high, firm pillow, typically shredded memory foam, latex or a firm hybrid. Broad shoulders need more height than the label suggests. A gusseted pillow, one with a fabric side wall, holds its height better than a plain sewn edge.
Back sleepers need medium loft. Too high and the chin is pushed toward the chest, which strains the neck and narrows the airway. A medium contour pillow or a medium shredded foam works well here.
Stomach sleepers need the least loft, and some are better off with no pillow at all. A high pillow forces the neck into extension for hours. If you sleep face down, buy the flattest soft pillow you can find and put a second one under your hips to take the arch out of your lower back.
Pillow height also depends on your mattress. A soft mattress lets your shoulder sink in, which closes the gap and calls for a lower pillow. A firm mattress keeps the shoulder up and needs a higher one. This is why a pillow that felt perfect on your old bed can feel wrong on a new one. Our guide to how to choose a pillow walks through the measurement.
Standard, queen and king are cover sizes, not support levels. A king pillow is not firmer, it is longer, which suits a king bed visually and gives restless sleepers more room to move across. Buy the loft you need first and pick the size to fit your bed second. Our pillow sizes guide has the dimensions for each.
By fill: solid memory foam, shredded memory foam, latex, down, feather, down alternative or polyester, buckwheat and other natural hulls, and hybrid combinations. By shape: standard bed pillows, contour or cervical pillows, body pillows, wedge pillows and travel shapes. Fill determines feel and durability; shape determines what problem the pillow is built to solve.
A high-loft, firm pillow that keeps the head level with the spine across the width of the shoulder. Shredded memory foam and latex are the two most reliable fills, because both hold height through the night rather than compressing away. A gusseted edge helps. Down alone is usually too soft for side sleeping unless it is stacked or very densely filled.
Usually a contour or cervical pillow if you sleep on your back, and a firm high-loft pillow if you sleep on your side. The common factor is that the pillow supports the curve of the neck rather than just propping up the head. Adjustable shredded fills are a good starting point because you can tune the height instead of guessing it. Our guide to the best pillow for neck pain goes into detail, and persistent pain is worth raising with a doctor rather than solving with bedding alone.
Most hotels use a down alternative or a down and feather blend in a plush, medium-loft build, often two per side. What makes a hotel pillow feel luxurious is less the fill than the volume and freshness: they are overstuffed, protected by a cover, and replaced far more often than the one on your bed at home. You can get close by buying a slightly firmer pillow than you think you want and layering it.
Start with the position you spend most of the night in, then check where you hurt in the morning. Neck stiffness usually means the loft is wrong. A sore shoulder often means the pillow is too low. Waking up hot points at solid foam and suggests latex or a shredded fill instead. If your pillow flattens by midnight or you fold it in half to prop your head, it is finished.
Pillows are almost impossible to judge from a product page, because loft only means something in relation to your shoulders and your mattress. Try a few at any of our five Los Angeles showrooms, ideally lying on the mattress you own or the one you are considering. Browse our pillow collection to see what we stock, or take the two-minute sleep quiz if the mattress underneath is the real problem.
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